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Revolts Against Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
Revolts Against Aurangzeb: Causes, Nature, and Consequences Introduction Aurangzeb’s reign (1658–1707) was marked by continuous revolts and military conflicts that weakened the Mughal Empire.…
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UPSC OTR Changes 2025 : One Time Registration New Update
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has introduced significant changes in its online application system for the Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2025 following multiple…
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Climate Change and Climate Action
Introduction Climate change is an existential crisis that is already reshaping ecosystems, economies, and human survival. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) defines climate change…
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Forest Conservation & Augmentation Act, 2023
Introduction The Forest Conservation Augmentation Act, 2023 (Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam) is a major amendment to the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. This new…
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Mangrove Ecosystem: Importance, Conservation, and Challenges
Introduction to Mangrove Ecosystem The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most vital coastal ecosystems, offering a unique blend of terrestrial and marine biodiversity.…
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Wetland Ecosystem, Ramsar Convention
Introduction The wetland ecosystem is one of the most biologically diverse and ecologically important ecosystems on the planet. Often referred to as “the kidneys…
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Biological Diversity Act, 2002 & Biological Diversity (Amendment) Act, 2023
As a party to the CBD, India enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, which serves as a comprehensive legal framework to protect biological resources…
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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Introduction The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international legally binding treaty aimed at promoting sustainable development while ensuring the conservation of biological...
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Agroforestry
Introduction In an era marked by climate change and escalating environmental challenges, sustainable land-use options have become a necessity to safeguard livelihoods and promote…
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Explained : UPSC 2025
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and formal process designed to evaluate the potential environmental, social, and health-related impacts of proposed projects or…