UPSC Prelims 2023GS1Science & TechnologyMetagenomics and Environmental DNA

Q79. 'Aerial metagenomics' best refers to which one of the following situations?

A. (a) Collecting DNA samples from air in a habitat at one go✓ Correct

B. (b) Understanding the genetic makeup of avian species of a habitat

C. (c) Using air-borne devices to collect blood samples from moving animals

D. (d) Sending drones to inaccessible areas to collect plant and animal samples from land surfaces and water bodies

Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Answer: Option A

Metagenomics involves studying genetic material directly from environmental samples, rather than from individual organisms. "Aerial metagenomics" specifically refers to the collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from the air.

Animals shed DNA through various means (skin cells, hair, feces, breath), and this eDNA can be suspended in the air. Collecting and analyzing these airborne DNA samples allows researchers to identify and monitor the presence of various species within a habitat without direct contact, providing a snapshot of the biodiversity.

The other options describe different biological or technological applications. This question tests understanding of advanced biological techniques, relevant for UPSC Science & Technology and Environment.

Current Affairs Link

Recent research and news on eDNA and its applications in biodiversity monitoring.

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