Science and Technology
Materials Science
Materials Science articles for UPSC exam preparation under Science and Technology.
4 articles in this topic
Articles on Materials Science
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
Context Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi are awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025. About It was awarded for discovering and creating a class of materials, called metal-organic frameworks (MOF). Metal Organic Frameworks: MOFs are crystalline structures in which metal ions serve as nodes and organic molecules as connectors.
Soaps and Detergents
In Context During World War I, shortages of animal fats and oils spurred chemists to find alternatives. This led to the development of synthetic cleaning agents: the first commercial “soap-like” detergents emerged in the mid-1930s. Historical Background 2800 BC (Mesopotamia): Earliest recorded use of soap-like substances.
Hydraulic Systems: Functioning & Applications
Context Hydraulic systems convert power into smooth, flexible mechanical movement, making heavy lifting and precision tasks possible. About the Hydraulic Systems Hydraulic systems are essential in modern engineering, enabling powerful and precise movement in various industries. They offer advantages such as smooth operation, high power-to-weight ratio, precise control, and efficient heat dissipation.
Breakthrough in Making 2D Metals
Context A team of Chinese scientists reported a new method to create true 2D sheets of metals like bismuth, gallium, indium, tin, and lead. Challenges in Making 2D Metals Unlike carbon, which easily forms 2D sheets (graphene), metal atoms prefer bonding in 3D. Attempts to make atom-thin metal sheets have largely failed or produced sheets only a few nanometers thick — too thick for true quantum confinement.