Economy
Government Policy
Welcome to the dedicated study hub for Government Policy, a cornerstone of your UPSC Civil Services Examination preparation, particularly within the broader domain of Economy. Government Policy
196 articles in this topic
Articles on Government Policy
India’s 2025 Economic Reforms
Context Economic reforms in 2025 reflect a maturing phase of India’s governance, where the emphasis shifted decisively from “expanding regulatory frameworks” to “delivering measurable outcomes”. Income Tax Reforms The Union Budget 2025-26 exempted the annual incomes up to ₹12 lakh from income tax under the new regime, with the effective exemption rising to ₹12.75 lakh for salaried taxpayers on account of the standard deduction. The Government announced a comprehensive overhaul of the Income-tax
MSME Demands Ahead of 2026-27 Budget
Context Ahead of the Union Budget 2026–27, representatives of MSME have flagged rising industrial stress and sought targeted reforms in credit access, risk protection, and compliance norms. What are MSMEs? MSMEs or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises are businesses that are defined by their investment and turnover levels.
India’s Manufacturing Sector
Context India’s manufacturing sector has long underperformed relative to its potential, constrained by structural inefficiencies, policy missteps, and a premature leap into services despite several policy pushes. Background: India’s Manufacturing Sector It has evolved from a modest post-independence base to a strategic pillar of economic growth. The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61) laid the foundation for heavy industries, steel plants, and public enterprises.
Celebrating 25th Anniversary: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
In News The 25th anniversary of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was observed recently. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) It was Launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to eligible, previously unconnected rural habitations. It established the foundation for universal rural access by linking villages with markets, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities.
Industrial Parks Emerging as Key Drivers of Smarter Infrastructure
In News/Context Industrial parks have emerged as a core instrument of India’s industrial and innovation strategy, enabling faster manufacturing growth, higher investment, job creation and sustainable development. What is an Industrial Park? An industrial park is a planned and demarcated area developed specifically for industrial use, with common facilities like power, water, internal roads, waste management, testing labs, logistics services and security.
Internationalisation of Higher Education in India: NITI Aayog
Context NITI Aayog released a policy report laying out a long-term roadmap to internationalise India’s higher education system, with the stated goal of turning the country into a global hub for education and research by 2047. About Internationalisation refers to the systematic integration of global and intercultural dimensions into higher education through: Cross-border student and faculty mobility International collaborations in teaching and research Read More
Data Exclusivity in India
Context The Indian government is considering implementing “data exclusivity” in the pharmaceutical drugs sector. The government’s approach appears to be driven by the expectation that the provision could help bring in additional investment in the country. Patent in Pharmaceutical Industry In the pharmaceutical industry, patents are broadly classified based on what aspect of a drug or process is being protected.
Debate on the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025
Published on: 20th December, 2025 The Ministry of Rural Development has introduced the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB–G RAM G) Bill, 2025 in the Lok Sabha as an overhaul of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005.</p
Fixing Tourism Strategy in India Amid Persistent Challenges
Published on: 11th December, 2025 India’s inbound tourism is gradually recovering but remains below the pre-pandemic peak of 10.93 million in 2019, highlighting persistent challenges ranging from global travel hesitancy to domestic infrastructural and environmental constraints.
Evolving Fiscal Space of Indian States
Published on: 2 December, 2025
Toward Strategic Autonomy: India’s First Integrated REPM Scheme
Context The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the “Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets” with a financial outlay of ₹7,280 crore. About the Scheme This first-of-its-kind initiative aims to establish 6,000 Metric Tons per Annum (MTPA) of integrated Rare Earth Permanent Magnet (REPM) manufacturing capacity in India. REPMs—such as Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) and Samarium Cobalt (SmCo)—are among the strongest permanent magnets in
Centre Notifies Four New Labour Codes
Context The Government of India has announced the implementation of the four Labour Codes with effect from 21st November 2025 rationalising 29 existing labour laws. About The four Labour Codes include the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020.
Draft Seeds Bill, 2025
Context The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has released the draft Seeds Bill, 2025. Conclusion The Bill seeks to regulate the quality of seeds for sale and import, to facilitate production, and supply of quality seeds. The Ministry informed that the stakeholders and members of the public are invited to submit their comments and suggestions on the draft Bill.
GST Collections & Performances of States
In News In October 2025, India’s GST collections rose to ₹1.95 lakh crore, a 4.6% increase over the previous year, driven partly by Diwali-related spending. What is the Goods and Services Tax (GST)? The GST refers to India’s indirect tax regime, introduced in 2017.
Viksit Bharat Needs a Clean System: Growth Depends on Fighting Corruption
A clean, transparent, and accountable system needed for economic growth and national development, as India aspires to become Viksit Bharat (developed nation) by 2047.
National Beekeeping & Honey Mission
In News India’s honey sector is undergoing a structured transformation as the National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM) continues to scale scientific beekeeping across the country. National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM) It is a Central Sector Scheme launched by the Government of India for the overall promotion and development of scientific beekeeping and the production of quality honey and other beehive products. It is implemented through the National Bee Board (NBB) and was announced u
Towards Universal Healthcare
In News Investing in healthcare boosts resilience and productivity, helping India achieve affordable universal care and a Viksit Bharat by 2047. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people have access to the full range of quality health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. It covers the full continuum of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care
India’s Labour Codes: A Transformative Step Towards Inclusive Economic Growth
India’s new Labour Codes, consolidating several existing laws into a unified, modern framework designed to foster clarity, consistency, and equity across the workforce.
Union Cabinet Decides to Raise Fertilizer Subsidy
In News The Union Cabinet approved the proposal of the Department of Fertilizers for fixing the Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for RABI Season 2025-26 (from 01.10.2025 to 31.03.2026) on Phosphatic and Potassic (PK) fertilizers. About the proposal The government is making available 28 grades of PK fertilizers including DAP to farmers at subsidized prices through fertilizer manufacturers/importers. The subsidy on PK fertilizers is governed by NBS Scheme w.e.f.
Rethinking Urban Planning in India
Context India’s urban centers need to evolve from being reactive spaces to proactive engines of growth and focus on land-use zoning, as it aspires to become a $30 trillion economy by 2047 under the vision of Viksit Bharat. Need of Urban Planning in India Strategic Role of Cities Economic Growth: Cities contribute over 63% of India’s GDP and are projected to account for 75% by 2030. Urban planning ensures that this growth is spatially efficient and economically inclusive.