With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements: I. They are man-made proteins. II. They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens. III. They are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus. Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. A. I and II only
2. B. II and III only
3. C. I and III only
4. D. I, II and III

Answer: D

Explanation

Statement I is correct. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-engineered proteins designed to mimic the immune system’s natural antibodies. Statement II is correct. mAbs function by binding specifically to certain antigens (e.g., on viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells). This targeted binding can neutralize threats, mark cells for destruction, or block harmful biological processes, thereby stimulating or modulating immunological function. Statement III is correct. Monoclonal antibodies have proven effective in treating various viral infections, including COVID-19, Ebola, and the Nipah virus. Their precision targeting makes them powerful therapeutic tools. For instance, during Nipah outbreaks, mAbs have been used for compassionate treatment. The development and application of advanced biotechnologies like mAbs are crucial for public health and disease management, making them a recurring and important topic for UPSC.