The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35°C. Which of the following statements best reflect(s) the implication of the above-said report? I. Peninsular India will most likely suffer from flooding, tropical cyclones and droughts. II. The survival of animals including humans will be affected as shedding of their body heat through perspiration becomes difficult. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. A. I only
2. B. II only
3. C. Both I and II
4. D. Neither I nor II

Answer: C

Explanation

A wet-bulb temperature of 35°C is considered the theoretical limit of human survivability, beyond which the body cannot cool itself through sweating. Statement I is an implication. The World Bank report and other climate studies indicate that increased global warming, leading to higher wet-bulb temperatures, will exacerbate extreme weather events. This includes increased rainfall intensity in monsoon seasons, leading to flooding, a higher frequency of tropical cyclones, and prolonged droughts in various regions, including Peninsular India. Statement II is also a direct implication. When wet-bulb temperatures exceed the body’s ability to cool through perspiration, it leads to severe heat stress, heatstroke, and eventually organ failure. This directly threatens the survival of humans and other animals, particularly those without efficient thermoregulation mechanisms. Both statements reflect critical implications of routinely exceeding high wet-bulb temperatures. The impacts of climate change and extreme weather events are crucial topics for UPSC Environment & Ecology.