Consider the following statements: Statement I: Circular economy reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases. Statement II: Circular economy reduces the use of raw materials as inputs. Statement III: Circular economy reduces wastage in the production process. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. A. Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
2. B. Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
3. C. Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
4. D. Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct

Answer: A

Explanation

Statement I is correct: A circular economy aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life. This approach inherently reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Statement II is correct: By emphasizing reuse, repair, and recycling, a circular economy significantly reduces the demand for virgin raw materials. Extracting and processing raw materials are often energy-intensive and generate substantial emissions. Statement III is correct: A core principle of the circular economy is to design out waste and pollution. This means optimizing production processes to minimize waste generation and maximize resource efficiency. Both reducing raw material use (Statement II) and reducing waste (Statement III) directly contribute to lower energy consumption and fewer emissions associated with extraction, manufacturing, and waste disposal, thereby explaining Statement I. The circular economy is a key concept in sustainable development and environmental policy, making it highly relevant for UPSC.