12. Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made : 1. India needs a new generation of urban professionals with knowledge relevant to modern urban practice. 2. Indian universities at present have no capacity or potential to impart training in systems approach. Which of the assumptions given above is/are correct?

1. A. 1 only
2. B. 2 only
3. C. Both 1 and 2
4. D. Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: A

Explanation

Assumption 1 is valid. The passage describes the successful ‘systems approach’ in Western urban planning and states that ‘Planning in India, and its education differ from the West.’ This implies a gap in India’s current professional expertise and education, suggesting a need for professionals trained in modern urban practices. Assumption 2 is invalid. The passage only states that Indian planning education ‘differs’ from the West; it does not claim that Indian universities ‘have no capacity or potential’ to adopt or impart training in the systems approach. This is an overstatement and cannot be assumed from the text. Therefore, only assumption 1 is valid. This question tests the ability to identify assumptions directly supported or implied by the text versus those that are speculative.