Consider the following statements: I. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO2/ capita. II. In terms of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region. III. Electricity and heat producers are the largest source of CO2 emissions in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. I and III only
2. B. II only
3. C. II and III only
4. D. I, II and III

Answer: C

Explanation

Statement I is incorrect. In 2022, India’s per capita CO2 emissions were approximately 2 tonnes, which is significantly higher than 0.5 t CO2/capita, although still less than half the global average. Statement II is correct. In terms of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in the Asia-Pacific region, reflecting its large population and growing energy demands. Statement III is correct. Electricity and heat production, heavily reliant on fossil fuels like coal, constitute the largest source of CO2 emissions in India. This sector’s emissions are a major focus for India’s climate mitigation strategies. Understanding India’s emission profile and its position in global climate efforts is crucial for UPSC, aligning with topics on climate change, energy policy, and sustainable development.