Consider the following countries : 1. Italy 2. Japan 3. Nigeria 4. South Korea 5. South Africa Which of the above countries are frequently mentioned in the media for their low birth rates, or ageing population of declining population ?

1. A. (a) 1, 2 and 4
2. B. (b) 1, 3 and 5
3. C. (c) 2 and 4 only
4. D. (d) 3 and 5 only

Answer: A

Explanation

This question tests knowledge of global demographic trends, particularly low birth rates and ageing populations, which are significant current affairs topics. Italy is known for one of the lowest birth rates in Europe and a rapidly ageing population. Japan has the world’s oldest population and faces severe challenges due to declining birth rates and a shrinking workforce. South Korea has one of the world’s lowest fertility rates, leading to concerns about a demographic crisis and declining population. In contrast, Nigeria is experiencing rapid population growth, and South Africa, while facing demographic challenges, is not primarily known for extremely low birth rates or a rapidly ageing population in the same vein as the others. Therefore, Italy, Japan, and South Korea are frequently discussed in media for these demographic issues. This topic is relevant for UPSC Geography and Current Affairs.