Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India? 1. Genetic predisposition of some peopl

1. A. 1 and 2
2. B. 2 and 3 only
3. C. 1, 3 and 4
4. D. 2, 3 and 4

Answer: B

Explanation

Antibiotic consumption in Humans: In 2014, India was the highest consumer of antibiotics, followed by China and the United States. In India, antibiotic FDCs are heavily prescribed even without the knowledge of a proven advantage over single compounds. Injudicious use of antibiotic FDCs could lead to emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. (However, the per capita consumption of antibiotics in India is much lower than in several other high-income countries). Antibiotic consumption in Animals: The use of antibiotics in food animals plays a major role in human health, as antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be transmitted between humans and animals through contact, in food products, and from the environment. Hence, 2 and 3 are correct.