Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy: I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East. II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. I only
2. B. II only
3. C. Both I and II
4. D. Neither I nor II

Answer: C

Explanation

Statement I is correct. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often called the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’, deeply respected traditional Eastern philosophical systems, particularly the Vedanta. He sought to reform Hinduism from within, drawing upon its monotheistic aspects. Statement II is also correct. While appreciating traditional wisdom, Roy was a strong advocate for modern thought. He urged his countrymen to embrace rationalism, scientific inquiry, and the principles of human dignity and social equality, believing these were essential for India’s regeneration. He aimed to synthesize the best of Eastern and Western thought. His efforts to reform society, promote education, and advocate for human rights are central to understanding the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century, a key area in UPSC Modern History.