Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and crucial message implied by the passage?

1. A. An enhanced efficiency of use of nitrogen is imperative for both food production and environment.
2. B. Production of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers cannot be stopped as it will adversely affect global food security.
3. C. Alternatives to crops that require excess of nitrogen should be identified and cultivated.
4. D. Conventional agriculture using synthetic fertilizers should be replaced with agroforestry, agroecosystems and organic farming.

Answer: A

Explanation

The passage highlights a critical dilemma: synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are essential for global food security, yet their inefficient use (60% lost to the environment) causes severe pollution. The core problem is the low ‘nitrogen use efficiency’. Therefore, the most logical and crucial message is that improving this efficiency is vital to balance the needs of food production with environmental protection. Option (B) is a factual statement from the passage but not the overarching message. Options (C) and (D) propose specific solutions (alternative crops, replacing conventional agriculture) that go beyond the passage’s primary focus on the problem of inefficient nitrogen use itself, which is the central theme.