February 4, 2025 10:45 am
1. Indian Air Force Day 2024
Headline: Indian Air Force Day: Celebrating 92 Years of Valor and Excellence
Context: The Indian Air Force (IAF) celebrated its 92nd anniversary, underscoring its vital role in national defense and showcasing advancements in aerial capabilities. This day highlights the IAF’s establishment, evolution, and contributions to national security.
Why in News?
October 8, 2024, marked the 92nd anniversary of the IAF, celebrated with an airshow at Chennai’s Marina Beach. This display aimed to emphasize India’s growing aerospace power and IAF’s modernization efforts.
Analysis:
- The airshow featured a display of advanced aircraft, including the Rafale, Su-30MKI, and the indigenous Tejas.
- The theme, “Transforming for Future Operations,” highlighted the IAF’s modernization efforts and emphasis on self-reliance under the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative.
- Operational Readiness: Demonstrated the IAF’s ability to respond to regional security dynamics and emerging threats.
- Indigenous Technologies: Showcased the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas and the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv, reinforcing the push for self-reliant defense.
- Strategic Partnerships: The event emphasized the IAF’s role in enhancing India’s defense capabilities through advanced equipment and international collaborations.
Background:
- Establishment: Formed on October 8, 1932, the IAF was initially an auxiliary force under British rule and has since grown into one of the world’s largest air forces.
- Role: Beyond national defense, the IAF contributes to disaster relief, international peacekeeping, and humanitarian missions.
- Modernization: Recent acquisitions like Rafale, combined with indigenous advancements, play a crucial role in the IAF’s strategic and operational modernization.
Details of Indian Air Force Day:
- The 92nd-anniversary celebrations included aerial displays featuring fighter jets, transport aircraft, and helicopters.
- The focus on indigenous projects such as the Tejas and Dhruv aligns with India’s goal of achieving self-reliance in defense.
- The event emphasized India’s technological and operational advancements in aerospace, with particular focus on preparedness and multi-role capability.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Indian Air Force Establishment | October 8, 1932 |
| 2024 IAF Day Theme | “Transforming for Future Operations” |
| Key Aircraft Displayed | Rafale, Su-30MKI, Tejas, Dhruv |
| Current IAF Chief | Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari |
| Focus on Indigenous Projects | LCA Tejas, ALH Dhruv |
4 Related Questions:
- Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Air Force (IAF):
- The IAF was established in 1932.
- The Advanced Light Helicopter Dhruv is an indigenous aircraft.
- Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- (a) Only 1
- (b) Only 2
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
- Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
- Which of the following aircraft are part of the Indian Air Force’s fleet?
- Rafale
- Su-30MKI
- Tejas
- MiG-21
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1, 2, and 3 only
- (b) 2 and 4 only
- (c) 1, 2, 3, and 4
- (d) 1 and 3 only
- Answer: (c) 1, 2, 3, and 4
- What is the theme of the Indian Air Force Day 2024?
- (a) Wings of Strength
- (b) Mission India
- (c) Transforming for Future Operations
- (d) Soaring Beyond Borders
- Answer: (c) Transforming for Future Operations
- Who is the current Chief of the Indian Air Force as of October 2024?
- (a) Air Chief Marshal R.K.S. Bhadauria
- (b) Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha
- (c) Air Chief Marshal S.P. Tyagi
- (d) Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari
- Answer: (d) Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
- The Hindu Businessline
2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024
Headline: Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded for Breakthrough in Gene Regulation
Context: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for discovering microRNA’s role in gene regulation. This finding significantly impacts cancer, neurological diseases, and advancements in personalized medicine.
Why in News?
The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded on October 8, 2024, to recognize a pioneering discovery with wide-ranging applications in health and disease.
Analysis:
- Discovery: microRNA, a small RNA molecule, plays a vital role in controlling gene expression by regulating proteins.
- Health Implications: This discovery has advanced understanding in conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and heart disease.
- Therapeutic Impact: The findings have facilitated the development of genetic therapies and precision medicine.
- Nobel Prize Significance: This award highlights the impact of molecular biology on health sciences, emphasizing fundamental research’s importance in therapeutic advancements.
Background:
- Historical Context: microRNA was identified in 1993 and is recognized for its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
- Applications in Healthcare: Research on microRNA’s function helps develop treatments for diseases rooted in gene expression issues.
- Pioneers of the Discovery: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun’s research on RNA interference has been foundational for modern biotechnology.
Details of Nobel Discovery:
- microRNA research enables scientists to understand how genes influence disease processes.
- This discovery paved the way for developing RNA-based therapies and understanding cellular processes critical to various diseases.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Nobel Prize Field | Physiology or Medicine |
| Awardees | Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun |
| Discovery | Role of microRNA in post-transcriptional gene regulation |
| Applications | Cancer, neurological diseases, genetic therapy |
| Year of microRNA Discovery | 1993 |
4 Related Questions:
- Who among the following discovered the role of microRNA in gene regulation?
- (a) Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
- (b) Elizabeth Blackburn
- (c) Watson and Crick
- (d) Paul L. Modrich
- Answer: (a) Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
- The 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded for advancements in which of the following fields?
- (a) CRISPR technology
- (b) Cancer immunotherapy
- (c) Gene regulation
- (d) Virology
- Answer: (c) Gene regulation
- MicroRNA discovery is particularly important in which of the following medical areas?
- Cancer research
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Neurogenetics
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
- Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
- Which of the following years marks the discovery of microRNA?
- (a) 1985
- (b) 1990
- (c) 1993
- (d) 2000
- Answer: (c) 1993
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
3. India-Maldives Bilateral Agreements
Headline: India and Maldives Strengthen Ties with Strategic Agreements and Economic Support
Context: India and the Maldives have signed multiple agreements aimed at boosting economic cooperation, strengthening defense, and promoting regional stability, reaffirming India’s “Neighborhood First” policy.
Why in News?
On October 8, 2024, India and the Maldives signed various Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs), including a $400 million currency swap agreement to support Maldives’ economic stability and strengthen bilateral ties.
Analysis:
- Economic Support: The currency swap deal is intended to support Maldives’ economy amid global financial uncertainties, enhancing economic cooperation between the two nations.
- Defense and Security Cooperation: Strengthening of defense ties with the Maldives is crucial for regional stability and securing maritime borders in the Indian Ocean Region.
- “Neighborhood First” Policy: The agreements underscore India’s commitment to supporting neighboring countries, particularly the Maldives, amidst geopolitical tensions.
- Tourism and Cultural Exchange: Increased cooperation in tourism and culture aims to enhance people-to-people ties and bolster economic recovery, given Maldives’ reliance on tourism.
Background:
- Geostrategic Importance: The Maldives, located in the Indian Ocean, plays a crucial role in maritime security and trade routes.
- India-Maldives Relations: Over the years, India has been a key ally for Maldives, supporting its development, defense, and economic resilience.
- Currency Swap Agreement: Currency swap agreements enable two countries to exchange currencies and stabilize each other’s financial systems, crucial for Maldives given its limited foreign reserves.
Details of the India-Maldives Agreements:
- The currency swap agreement is valued at $400 million, aimed at enhancing liquidity and stabilizing the Maldivian economy.
- Additional MoUs were signed to collaborate in areas such as healthcare, infrastructure, and technology transfer.
- India’s support emphasizes regional cooperation and counters external influences in the Indian Ocean Region.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Value of Currency Swap Agreement | $400 million |
| “Neighborhood First” Policy | India’s policy focusing on neighboring countries |
| Areas of Cooperation | Defense, economy, tourism, healthcare |
| Geostrategic Importance of Maldives | Key location in the Indian Ocean for trade and security |
| Major Sector Supported by India | Tourism, healthcare, defense |
4 Related Questions:
- Consider the following statements regarding India-Maldives relations:
- Maldives is part of India’s “Neighborhood First” policy.
- The currency swap agreement between India and Maldives in 2024 was valued at $400 million.
- Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- (a) Only 1
- (b) Only 2
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
- Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
- What is the primary focus of India’s “Neighborhood First” policy?
- (a) Expanding trade with developed countries
- (b) Strengthening ties with neighboring countries
- (c) Establishing global alliances
- (d) Enhancing military presence worldwide
- Answer: (b) Strengthening ties with neighboring countries
- Which of the following sectors was part of the India-Maldives agreements in October 2024?
- Healthcare
- Tourism
- Renewable Energy
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1, 2, and 3
- (d) None of the above
- Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
- Which of the following best describes a currency swap agreement?
- (a) Exchange of commodities between two countries
- (b) Mutual sharing of military technology
- (c) Agreement to exchange currencies for liquidity support
- (d) Trade agreement to eliminate tariffs
- Answer: (c) Agreement to exchange currencies for liquidity support
Source:
- The Hindu
- The Mint
4. Malabar Maritime Exercise 2024
Headline: Malabar Maritime Exercise Begins: India, U.S., Japan, and Australia Enhance Maritime Security Cooperation
Context: The annual Malabar Exercise, involving India, the U.S., Japan, and Australia, commenced with the Harbour Phase in Visakhapatnam. This exercise is crucial for enhancing interoperability among the navies and strengthening the Quad’s maritime security efforts.
Why in News?
On October 8, 2024, the Malabar Exercise 2024 began, marking an important step in joint maritime security initiatives among Quad nations.
Analysis:
- Regional Security Focus: The exercise aims to strengthen joint maritime operations, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region.
- Quad Framework: Participation from Quad countries reinforces collaborative efforts to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific.
- Countering Regional Threats: Enhances operational readiness to counter maritime challenges like piracy, illegal fishing, and territorial disputes.
- Harbour and Sea Phases: Divided into Harbour (port) and Sea phases, the exercise enables complex training maneuvers and equipment interoperability testing.
Background:
- Establishment: The Malabar Exercise began in 1992 as a bilateral exercise between India and the U.S.
- Expansion: Japan joined in 2015, and Australia became a permanent participant in 2020, solidifying the exercise as a Quad initiative.
- Objective: Malabar Exercise focuses on enhancing military cooperation, interoperability, and ensuring maritime security in the Indo-Pacific.
Details of Malabar Maritime Exercise 2024:
- The exercise involves advanced naval operations like anti-submarine warfare, air defense, and surface warfare.
- It highlights the increasing strategic collaboration between the Quad nations to counterbalance regional influences in the Indo-Pacific.
- Training during the exercise includes complex maneuvers, joint tactical operations, and information sharing.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Year Malabar Exercise Began | 1992 |
| Initial Participants | India and the United States |
| Quad Inclusion | Japan (2015), Australia (2020) |
| Primary Focus | Interoperability, maritime security |
| Location of 2024 Harbour Phase | Visakhapatnam |
4 Related Questions:
- Which of the following countries are participants in the Malabar Exercise?
- India
- Australia
- Japan
- Russia
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1, 2, and 3 only
- (b) 1, 3, and 4 only
- (c) 2, 3, and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
- Answer: (a) 1, 2, and 3 only
- When did the Malabar Exercise begin as a bilateral exercise between India and the U.S.?
- (a) 1990
- (b) 1992
- (c) 1995
- (d) 2000
- Answer: (b) 1992
- In which year did Australia join the Malabar Exercise as a permanent participant?
- (a) 2015
- (b) 2018
- (c) 2020
- (d) 2022
- Answer: (c) 2020
- Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the Malabar Exercise?
- (a) Diplomatic negotiations
- (b) Promoting cultural exchanges
- (c) Enhancing maritime interoperability
- (d) Advancing trade agreements
- Answer: (c) Enhancing maritime interoperability
Source:
- Indian Express
- The Hindu Businessline
5. National Wildlife Week 2024
Headline: National Wildlife Week 2024: Promoting Conservation and Safeguarding India’s Natural Heritage
Context: India observed National Wildlife Week from October 2 to October 8, 2024, focusing on raising awareness about wildlife conservation, environmental preservation, and the protection of India’s rich biodiversity.
Why in News?
The Indian Board of Wildlife (IBWL) commemorated National Wildlife Week 2024 with the theme “Safeguarding Our Natural Heritage,” aiming to promote wildlife conservation efforts nationwide and address the challenges faced by India’s biodiversity.
Analysis:
- Biodiversity Conservation: Emphasis on protecting endangered species and preserving ecosystems to maintain ecological balance.
- Awareness Programs: Government and NGOs conducted educational programs, workshops, and events to foster environmental awareness.
- Policy Initiatives: Strengthening of policies such as the Wildlife Protection Act and conservation of protected areas.
- Human-Wildlife Conflict: Addressing issues related to habitat loss and conflicts between human populations and wildlife.
- Role of Communities: Focus on involving local communities in conservation efforts and sustainable practices to protect wildlife habitats.
Background:
- Origins: National Wildlife Week was established by the Indian Board of Wildlife in 1952.
- Purpose: This annual event aims to educate the public about the importance of conserving wildlife and ecosystems.
- Challenges: India’s biodiversity is threatened by poaching, deforestation, pollution, and climate change impacts.
Details of National Wildlife Week 2024:
- Awareness campaigns and workshops were held across the country to engage citizens in wildlife conservation.
- Special focus on flagship species like tigers, elephants, and rhinoceroses, which are emblematic of India’s wildlife heritage.
- Policies discussed during the week included strengthening the Wildlife Protection Act and expanding protected areas.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Year National Wildlife Week Began | 1952 |
| Organizing Body | Indian Board of Wildlife |
| 2024 Theme | “Safeguarding Our Natural Heritage” |
| Key Threats to Biodiversity | Poaching, habitat destruction, climate change |
| Major Species in Focus | Tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses |
4 Related Questions:
- Which organization is responsible for establishing National Wildlife Week in India?
- (a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- (b) National Biodiversity Authority
- (c) Indian Board of Wildlife
- (d) Wildlife Institute of India
- Answer: (c) Indian Board of Wildlife
- What was the theme for National Wildlife Week 2024?
- (a) Conserve and Protect Wildlife
- (b) Saving Biodiversity
- (c) Safeguarding Our Natural Heritage
- (d) Wildlife and Nature for All
- Answer: (c) Safeguarding Our Natural Heritage
- Which of the following are considered flagship species in India’s wildlife conservation efforts?
- Bengal Tiger
- Indian Elephant
- One-horned Rhinoceros
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
- Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
- National Wildlife Week was first observed in which of the following years?
- (a) 1947
- (b) 1952
- (c) 1972
- (d) 1985
- Answer: (b) 1952
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
- The Hindu Businessline
6. Nobel Peace Prize Announcement (Upcoming)
Headline: Nobel Peace Prize Anticipation: Possible Candidates and Focus Areas
Context: The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the most prestigious global honors, recognizing outstanding contributions to peace and humanitarian efforts. Each year, individuals and organizations are honored for advancing peace, conflict resolution, and social justice globally.
Why in News?
The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize is expected to be announced on October 10, and the anticipation is growing around potential candidates and their contributions to global peace and social justice.
Analysis:
- Focus on Social Justice: Recent years have seen a trend in awarding those advocating for marginalized communities and social equity.
- Environmental Peace Efforts: Candidates addressing climate-related conflicts and advocating for environmental justice may also be in focus.
- Regional Conflict Resolution: Some nominees are anticipated to be involved in mediating conflicts in regions like Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
- International Organizations: Organizations like the UN or the World Food Programme (past laureates) might again be contenders due to their ongoing efforts in global conflict resolution and relief work.
Background:
- Establishment: The Nobel Peace Prize was established by Alfred Nobel’s will in 1895, awarding individuals and organizations since 1901.
- Recent Trends: Past laureates include the World Food Programme (2020) and the UN (2001). Recent awards have increasingly focused on activists for human rights, climate change, and humanitarian aid.
- Significance: The Peace Prize acknowledges those whose actions foster peace, security, and humanitarian support in conflict-prone areas.
Details of Nobel Peace Prize Anticipation:
- The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize holds global significance as it acknowledges individuals and organizations that contribute toward a peaceful world order.
- Peace efforts addressing pressing global issues, including climate action, conflict resolution, and advocacy for vulnerable groups, are central considerations for nominees.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Year Nobel Peace Prize Established | 1901 |
| Location of Announcement | Oslo, Norway |
| Prize Money (2024) | 10 million Swedish Krona |
| Notable Past Laureates | UN, World Food Programme, Malala Yousafzai |
| Recent Focus Areas | Human rights, climate change, conflict resolution |
4 Related Questions:
- The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in which of the following cities?
- (a) Stockholm
- (b) Oslo
- (c) New York
- (d) Geneva
- Answer: (b) Oslo
- Which organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020?
- (a) International Red Cross
- (b) World Health Organization
- (c) World Food Programme
- (d) United Nations Development Programme
- Answer: (c) World Food Programme
- The Nobel Peace Prize was established under the will of which famous individual?
- (a) Alfred Nobel
- (b) Marie Curie
- (c) Sigmund Freud
- (d) Isaac Newton
- Answer: (a) Alfred Nobel
- What was the primary focus of the Nobel Peace Prize awarded in 2020?
- (a) Climate change action
- (b) Conflict resolution
- (c) Human rights advocacy
- (d) Food security and humanitarian aid
- Answer: (d) Food security and humanitarian aid
Source:
- The Hindu
- The Mint
- Indian Express
7. IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) October 2024
Headline: IMF Releases World Economic Outlook, Projects Global Economic Trends for 2024-2025
Context: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) released its bi-annual World Economic Outlook (WEO) report, providing insights into global economic trends, growth forecasts, and risks for 2024-2025.
Why in News?
The IMF’s October 2024 WEO report includes revised growth projections and highlights significant challenges facing the global economy, particularly inflation and geopolitical tensions.
Analysis:
- Global Growth Forecasts: The IMF has downgraded global growth estimates, citing persistent inflation, rising interest rates, and slower post-pandemic recovery.
- Inflation and Monetary Policy: High inflation remains a major concern, with central banks around the world continuing monetary tightening policies.
- Regional Growth Disparities: Advanced economies are seeing slower growth, while emerging markets face diverse challenges due to global trade issues and currency fluctuations.
- Climate Risks: The report also addresses the economic risks posed by climate change, urging countries to accelerate green transitions.
Background:
- Purpose: The WEO report, published bi-annually, is a critical document that reviews global economic conditions and provides growth projections for various regions.
- Significance: This report serves as a valuable resource for countries to shape economic policy and monitor global economic conditions.
Details of WEO October 2024:
- The report revises global growth to 2.7%, with higher risks noted for emerging markets due to inflation and slower exports.
- Inflation in advanced economies is expected to stabilize, but at higher levels than pre-pandemic times.
- The IMF urges countries to focus on structural reforms, especially in labor markets, to drive long-term growth.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| WEO Frequency | Published bi-annually |
| Projected Global Growth (2024) | 2.7% |
| Key Focus Areas | Inflation, geopolitical risks, climate impact |
| IMF Headquarters | Washington D.C. |
| Emerging Markets Highlighted | India, China, Southeast Asia |
4 Related Questions:
- What is the frequency of the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (WEO) report?
- (a) Quarterly
- (b) Bi-annually
- (c) Annually
- (d) Monthly
- Answer: (b) Bi-annually
- The IMF’s October 2024 World Economic Outlook projected global growth for 2024 at:
- (a) 2.0%
- (b) 2.5%
- (c) 2.7%
- (d) 3.0%
- Answer: (c) 2.7%
- Which of the following issues were highlighted in the IMF’s WEO October 2024 report?
- Global inflation
- Geopolitical tensions
- Space exploration
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
- Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
- Where is the headquarters of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) located?
- (a) New York
- (b) Geneva
- (c) Washington D.C.
- (d) London
- Answer: (c) Washington D.C.
Source:
- The Hindu Businessline
- Economic Times
8. World Cotton Day 2024
Headline: World Cotton Day 2024: Promoting Sustainable Cotton Production and Trade
Context: Celebrated on October 7, World Cotton Day recognizes the importance of cotton as a global commodity and promotes sustainable practices in its production and trade. This day focuses on addressing the challenges faced by the cotton industry, particularly in developing countries.
Why in News?
October 7, 2024, marked World Cotton Day, with events highlighting sustainable cotton farming practices, trade opportunities, and the importance of cotton to the livelihoods of millions of farmers globally, especially in countries like India.
Analysis:
- Focus on Sustainability: Emphasis on adopting eco-friendly practices to reduce water usage and chemical inputs in cotton production.
- Economic Significance: Cotton is a major source of income for millions of farmers, especially in countries like India, which is one of the largest cotton producers.
- Global Trade: Initiatives to improve trade and market access for small farmers to ensure fair prices and reduce economic vulnerability.
- Environmental Challenges: Addressing the environmental impact of cotton production, which includes high water consumption and pesticide use.
Background:
- Establishment: The United Nations recognized October 7 as World Cotton Day in 2019, following a proposal from cotton-producing countries.
- Importance of Cotton: Cotton is integral to global textile industries and is a key export product for several developing economies.
- Challenges in Cotton Industry: Cotton production faces issues like fluctuating prices, climate impacts, and dependency on chemical inputs.
Details of World Cotton Day 2024:
- Events focused on promoting sustainable practices, such as organic cotton farming and the Better Cotton Initiative.
- Discussions on enhancing cotton’s value chain to benefit farmers, especially smallholders, through fair trade and certification programs.
- Awareness campaigns on reducing the environmental footprint of cotton production.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Date of World Cotton Day | October 7 |
| Year Established | 2019 |
| Largest Cotton Producing Country | India |
| Focus of 2024 | Sustainable production, fair trade, environmental impact |
| Organizing Body | United Nations |
4 Related Questions:
- World Cotton Day is observed on which date?
- (a) October 5
- (b) October 7
- (c) October 10
- (d) October 15
- Answer: (b) October 7
- Which country is one of the largest producers of cotton in the world?
- (a) China
- (b) Brazil
- (c) United States
- (d) India
- Answer: (d) India
- The United Nations officially recognized World Cotton Day in which year?
- (a) 2015
- (b) 2017
- (c) 2019
- (d) 2021
- Answer: (c) 2019
- Which of the following practices is promoted to make cotton production more sustainable?
- (a) Use of synthetic fibers
- (b) Increased pesticide usage
- (c) Organic farming practices
- (d) Increased water consumption
- Answer: (c) Organic farming practices
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
9. International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction (Upcoming)
Headline: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2024: Fostering Resilience Amid Growing Climate Challenges
Context: October 13 is designated as the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, aimed at raising awareness about disaster prevention, preparedness, and building resilience against natural and man-made hazards.
Why in News?
The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction is approaching, with a theme focused on “Building Resilience Amid Climate Challenges.” This day emphasizes the importance of proactive measures in disaster-prone regions, especially in light of increasing climate-related disasters.
Analysis:
- Climate Resilience: Focus on strategies to mitigate the impact of climate-induced disasters like floods, droughts, and cyclones.
- Community Involvement: Encourages community participation in disaster preparedness to strengthen local resilience.
- Global Cooperation: Promotes collaboration between nations to develop disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks and share best practices.
- Capacity Building: Enhances capabilities at the national and local levels to respond effectively to emergencies and reduce loss of life.
Background:
- Establishment: The United Nations General Assembly designated October 13 as the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction in 1989.
- Sendai Framework: The 2015 Sendai Framework for DRR provides guidelines for reducing disaster risk by strengthening institutional capacities and community resilience.
- Global Significance: This day is observed worldwide, encouraging proactive measures and awareness in disaster-prone regions.
Details of International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction:
- The 2024 theme focuses on resilience in the face of climate challenges, highlighting the need for sustainable development and risk reduction practices.
- Workshops and training sessions are conducted globally to build awareness and practical skills for disaster preparedness.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Date for Observance | October 13 |
| Year Established | 1989 |
| 2024 Theme | “Building Resilience Amid Climate Challenges” |
| Guiding Framework | Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) |
| Focus Areas | Climate resilience, community involvement, capacity building |
4 Related Questions:
- The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction is observed on which date?
- (a) October 10
- (b) October 12
- (c) October 13
- (d) October 15
- Answer: (c) October 13
- Which framework provides guidelines for disaster risk reduction worldwide?
- (a) Kyoto Protocol
- (b) Sendai Framework
- (c) Paris Agreement
- (d) Montreal Protocol
- Answer: (b) Sendai Framework
- The 2024 theme for International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction focuses on:
- (a) Technological innovation
- (b) Economic development
- (c) Building resilience amid climate challenges
- (d) Improving urban infrastructure
- Answer: (c) Building resilience amid climate challenges
- Which organization designated October 13 as the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction?
- (a) World Bank
- (b) United Nations General Assembly
- (c) International Red Cross
- (d) UNESCO
- Answer: (b) United Nations General Assembly
Source:
- The Hindu
- Economic Times
- The Hindu Businessline
