PYQ Question

Consider the following statements: 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a ‘Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, S

August 6, 2026 en

Consider the following statements: 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a ‘Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air’. 2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. 3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. 4. The United Nations Oﬃce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its members States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: C

Explanation

Statement 1 is not correct and statement 2 is correct: The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which entered into force in December 2005, is the ever-first binding global anti-corruption instrument. It obliges the States to prevent and criminalize diﬀerent corrupt practices, promote international cooperation, cooperate for the recovery of stolen assets and enhance technical assistance and information exchange. Statement 3 is not correct: The UNTOC was adopted by General Assembly in 2000 and came into force in 2003. The Convention is the first comprehensive and global legally binding instrument to fight transnational organized crime. States that have ratified UNTOC commit themselves to taking a series of measures to prevent and control transnational organized crime, including (i) the criminalising of the participation in an organized criminal group, of money laundering, related corruption and obstruction of justice and (ii) the adoption of frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and international cooperation. The UNTOC is further supplemented by three Protocols, which target specific forms of organized crime: 1. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traﬃcking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, provides an agreed upon definition of traﬃcking in persons. It aims at comprehensively addressing traﬃcking in persons through the so-called three P’s – Prosecution of perpetrators, Protection of victims and Prevention of traﬃcking. 2. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, also provides a definition of smuggling of migrants. The Protocol aims at preventing and controlling smuggling of migrants, promoting cooperation among States Parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants. 3. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Traﬃcking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition promotes, facilitates and strengthens cooperation among States Parties in order to prevent and control the illicit manufacturing of and traﬃcking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition by mainly committing Member States to introduce solid registration and storage systems for all legally produced arms. Statement 4 is correct: The United Nations Oﬃce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its Member States to assist in the implementation of both Conventions.