Consider the following statements : 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

1. A. 1 and 2 only
2. B. 2 and 3 only
3. C. 1 and 3 only
4. D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Lions are known to breed throughout the year, without a specific season. They often synchronize breeding within a pride, especially after a new male takes over, and raise cubs communally. Statement 2 is correct: Cheetahs, unlike most other big cats such as lions, tigers, and jaguars, cannot roar. Their vocal anatomy is structured to allow continuous purring but restricts their ability to produce a roar. Statement 3 is incorrect: Leopards are highly territorial animals and actively mark their territories using various methods, including scent marking with urine, faeces, and by rubbing their cheeks on trees. This communicates their presence to other leopards. Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct. This question tests knowledge of animal behavior and biodiversity, a recurring theme in UPSC Environment & Ecology.