- A. Economies of scale is essential for transition to green growth.
- B. Modern technological progress is intensely linked to path-dependent innovations.
- C. Countries with large economies are in a better position to adopt green technologies.
- D. Timing plays a crucial role in the case of green technology development.
Answer: D
Explanation
The passage emphasizes that “moving early and gradually gives economies more time to adjust” and that “a late, more chaotic transition is costlier.” This directly points to the critical role of timing in the successful development and adoption of green technology. While economies of scale and path-dependent innovation are mentioned, they are presented as mechanisms or supporting details within the broader argument about the benefits of early action. Option (a) focuses on economies of scale, which is a part of the argument but not the central idea. Option (b) highlights path-dependent innovations, which also supports the main point about timing. Option (c) introduces a comparison between large and small economies, which is not discussed in the passage. The core message is about the strategic advantage of early and gradual investment in green technologies to leverage cost reductions and avoid disruptive transitions. This question tests critical reading and the ability to identify the main theme of a given text, a common requirement in the UPSC CSAT paper.