Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of ‘Harijans’ in his political and social programme?

1. A. The Poona Pact
2. B. The Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (Delhi Pact)
3. C. Arrest of Congress leadership at the time of the Quit India Movement.
4. D. Promulgation of the Government of India Act, 1935

Answer: A

Explanation

Following the Poona Pact of 1932, Mahatma Gandhi intensified his efforts for the upliftment of the Depressed Classes, whom he began to refer to as ‘Harijans’ (children of God). The Poona Pact was an agreement between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar, which resolved the issue of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes by providing reserved seats within the general electorate. After this, Gandhi shifted his focus significantly towards social reform, launching the ‘Harijan Sevak Sangh’ and starting the weekly ‘Harijan’ newspaper. He undertook extensive tours to campaign against untouchability, making it a central part of his social and political agenda. This period marked a dedicated phase of his work for social equality. Understanding the evolution of Gandhi’s social reform agenda is crucial for UPSC Modern History.