GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. A. I, II and III
2. B. II and III only
3. C. I only
4. D. I and II only

Answer: D

Explanation

GAGAN (GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) is India’s Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), jointly developed by ISRO and the Airports Authority of India. Statement I is correct: GAGAN is designed to enhance the accuracy and integrity of GPS signals over the Indian airspace, improving positioning accuracy from 20 meters to 1-2 meters. Statement II is correct: By providing highly accurate and reliable navigation signals, GAGAN enables more uniform and high-quality air traffic management, especially for precision approaches and landings. Statement III is incorrect: While primarily developed for aviation, GAGAN offers benefits beyond this sector. Its precise positioning capabilities are valuable for other modes of transportation like railways, road transport, and maritime navigation, as well as for applications in agriculture, surveying, and disaster management. Therefore, statements I and II are correct. Space technology and its applications, particularly indigenous navigation systems, are important for UPSC Science & Technology.