GS III: Environment & Ecology

Q.1 Evaluate the role of mangroves in coastal ecosystems and discuss the threats they face in India.

Model Answer Guidance:

• Introduction: Describe mangroves and their ecological significance, such as coastal protection.
• Main Body: Discuss threats like deforestation, pollution, and climate change.
• Examples: Mention specific mangrove regions, like the Sundarbans, and their importance.
• Conclusion: Suggest conservation measures, such as community engagement and strict regulations.

Q.2 Discuss the implications of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services and human well-being.

Model Answer Guidance:

• Introduction: Define biodiversity and its role in ecosystem services.
• Main Body: Explain the impacts of biodiversity loss, like reduced pollination and climate regulation.
• Examples: Use specific instances to highlight effects on human well-being.
• Conclusion: Propose strategies for biodiversity conservation to safeguard ecosystem services.

Q.3 How does urbanization contribute to the degradation of air quality, and what measures can mitigate this?

Model Answer Guidance:

• Introduction: Describe the link between urbanization and air quality degradation.
• Main Body: Discuss factors such as vehicular emissions and construction dust, and their health impacts.
• Examples: Use data or case studies from major cities.
• Conclusion: Suggest mitigation measures like green infrastructure and stricter emission standards.

Q.4 Critically analyze the impact of deforestation on climate change and suggest afforestation strategies.

Model Answer Guidance:

• Introduction: Explain the connection between deforestation and climate change.
• Main Body: Discuss impacts like carbon emissions and biodiversity loss.
• Examples: Mention specific deforestation hotspots and their effects.
• Conclusion: Propose afforestation strategies, like agroforestry and community involvement.

Q.5 Evaluate the significance of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in addressing environmental challenges.

Model Answer Guidance:

• Introduction: Outline NAPCC’s purpose and its eight missions.
• Main Body: Discuss achievements and limitations in areas like renewable energy and water conservation.
• Examples: Cite specific missions such as the National Solar Mission.
• Conclusion: Suggest ways to enhance NAPCC’s effectiveness for climate resilience.