The Geography syllabus for UPSC Civil Services Examination is divided between the Preliminary Examination (GS Paper I) and the Mains Examination (GS Paper I and Optional Paper I & II). The syllabus covers Physical Geography, Human Geography, Economic Geography, Environmental…
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) is one of the most significant discoveries in modern astrophysics, providing a direct glimpse into the early universe and supporting the Big Bang theory. This faint radiation, permeating the entire cosmos, holds the answers to…
Introduction Agricultural Challenges and Opportunities in India : Agriculture is a vital sector in India, supporting rural livelihoods, ensuring food security, and contributing significantly to the country’s economy. Employing over 42% of the workforce and contributing around 18% to the…
Introduction Water security is crucial for India’s economic development, public health, and ecological balance. As the second most populous country, India faces a growing demand for water amid limited resources, mismanagement, and climate change. With 4% of the world’s freshwater…
Geographical Extent of India Latitude and Longitude Quick Short Notes Category Details Continent Asia Region South Asia and Southeast Asia (Indian subcontinent) Coordinates 21°N 78°E Area Total Area: 3,287,263 km² (1,269,219 sq mi), ranked 7th in the world Land Area:…
What is Climatology? Climatology is the scientific study of the Earth’s climate, encompassing various atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind patterns, and precipitation. While closely related to meteorology, which focuses on short-term weather events, climatology examines long-term…
Table of Contents The Köppen Climate Classification is one of the most widely used systems to categorize the world’s climates. Developed by the German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884 and refined throughout his career, this system classifies climates based on…
LITHOSPHERIC PLATES / PLATE BOUNDARIES / PLATE TECTONICS Types of Plate Boundaries Comparison: Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading, and Plate Tectonics Comparison Table: Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading, and Plate Tectonics Aspect Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Tectonics Proposed…
Subject: Environment, geographySection: Environmental Legislation, Human geographyTopic: Mankidia Community and Forest Rights On September 22, 2024, the Mankidia community was officially granted habitat rights under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006. This milestone ensures that the Mankidia, a semi-nomadic and…
The UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus covers a wide range of topics, from physical processes shaping the earth to human interactions with the environment. This makes it an excellent subject for candidates from diverse educational backgrounds. Structure of the UPSC Geography…
Sub: Geography | Section: Human Geography Why in News:The Shompen tribe of the Nicobar Islands has come into the spotlight due to concerns over a major infrastructure project on Great Nicobar Island, which threatens their forest home. The project includes a transshipment…
Introduction Shifting cultivation, commonly known as Jhum cultivation in India, is an ancient agricultural practice widely used by indigenous communities, particularly in the Northeast and forested regions of Central India. This method of farming involves clearing a piece of forest…
The Solar System – Introduction The Solar System is a group of celestial bodies bound by the Sun’s gravity. At its center is the Sun, a star that provides light and energy. Surrounding it are eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth,…
Earth is always changing. To learn how it works, scientists study different parts of our planet. Geology is about rocks and the land. Oceanography looks at the oceans. Meteorology studies the weather. These areas help us understand things like earthquakes,…
