April 24, 2025 9:54 am
1. Resignation of Senior Doctors in West Bengal
Headline: Mass Resignations by Senior Doctors in West Bengal Raises Healthcare Concerns
Context: Fifty senior doctors at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital resigned, underscoring challenges within West Bengal’s healthcare system. This has prompted the Governor to urge the state government to address the crisis.
Why in News?
On October 9, 2024, fifty senior doctors at R.G. Kar Medical College resigned, citing issues like infrastructure deficiencies and administrative hurdles. The Governor has since called for intervention to resolve the crisis.
Analysis:
- Healthcare Infrastructure: The resignations reflect ongoing issues in public healthcare facilities, especially concerning resources and infrastructure.
- Workload Pressure: Public sector doctors face significant workloads, with understaffing intensifying their challenges.
- Administrative Issues: Mismanagement and lack of administrative support have added to healthcare workers’ dissatisfaction.
- Governor’s Role: The Governor’s involvement emphasizes the importance of addressing public health as a critical aspect of state welfare.
Background:
- Healthcare System Challenges: India’s public healthcare system is marked by limited resources, high patient loads, and inadequate staffing.
- Governor’s Advisory Role: The Governor can advise the government on matters impacting public welfare.
- Previous Incidents: Similar protests by healthcare workers across India have demanded improved working conditions and resources.
Details of the Situation:
- The mass resignation highlights issues like poor infrastructure and administrative inefficiencies in West Bengal’s healthcare.
- The Governor’s call for intervention emphasizes the need for immediate action to maintain healthcare services.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Hospital Involved | R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital |
| Number of Doctors Resigned | 50 |
| Governor of West Bengal | C.V. Ananda Bose |
| Major Issues Highlighted | Infrastructure challenges, shortage of resources |
| Role of Governor | Advises state government, constitutional head of the state |
4 Related Questions:
- Consider the following statements regarding the role of a state Governor in India:
- The Governor is the constitutional head of the state.
- The Governor can advise the state government on matters of public welfare.
- Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- (a) Only 1
- (b) Only 2
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
- Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
- The resignation of senior doctors at R.G. Kar Medical College is primarily due to:
- (a) Shortage of medical staff
- (b) Inadequate infrastructure and resources
- (c) Political interference
- (d) Public protests
- Answer: (b) Inadequate infrastructure and resources
- Who is the current Governor of West Bengal?
- (a) Jagdeep Dhankhar
- (b) C.V. Ananda Bose
- (c) Bhagat Singh Koshyari
- (d) Ramesh Bais
- Answer: (b) C.V. Ananda Bose
- The role of a Governor includes which of the following functions?
- Advising the state government on public matters
- Administering the oath of office to the Chief Minister
- Conducting state assembly sessions
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
- Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
2. India’s Stance on Arbitrary Trade Measures
Headline: India Criticizes Arbitrary Trade Measures Hindering Green Transition Efforts
Context: India has raised concerns about arbitrary trade measures imposed by certain countries that create barriers to its green transition despite low per capita emissions.
Why in News?
On October 9, 2024, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman criticized unilateral trade practices like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), arguing that they obstruct India’s sustainable development efforts.
Analysis:
- Carbon Border Taxes: Such mechanisms impose tariffs on imports based on carbon emissions, impacting countries like India.
- Impact on Exports: Indian industries may face higher tariffs in markets that enforce CBAM, affecting sectors like steel and cement.
- Sustainable Development Challenge: These barriers are seen as limiting India’s access to markets, potentially slowing down its transition to greener technologies.
- Global Trade Dynamics: India’s stance reflects concerns shared by other developing countries regarding fair and inclusive trade practices.
Background:
- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): Initiated by the EU, CBAM aims to charge importers for carbon emissions embedded in goods, ensuring that domestic industries are not undercut by imports from countries with lax environmental standards.
- India’s Emissions Profile: India has one of the lowest per capita emissions but is a major emitter due to its large population and industrial base.
- Global Trade Relations: India’s economy relies significantly on exports, and unilateral trade measures could have far-reaching impacts.
Details of India’s Concerns:
- Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman argued that CBAM and similar trade practices are detrimental to India’s green transition.
- India advocates for collaborative approaches to sustainable development, rather than protectionist measures that restrict market access.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Form of CBAM | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism |
| Key Export Sectors Affected | Steel, Cement, Aluminum |
| India’s Per Capita Emissions Rank | One of the lowest among major economies |
| India’s Key Trade Partner for CBAM | European Union |
| India’s Stance | Advocates collaborative approaches in green transition |
4 Related Questions:
- What does CBAM stand for?
- (a) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
- (b) Carbon Boundary Act Mechanism
- (c) Climate Border Adaptation Mechanism
- (d) Carbon Balance Adjustment Mechanism
- Answer: (a) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
- Which sectors are most affected by CBAM policies?
- (a) Pharmaceuticals
- (b) Steel, Cement, and Aluminum
- (c) Electronics and Technology
- (d) Agriculture and Textiles
- Answer: (b) Steel, Cement, and Aluminum
- India’s primary concern with CBAM is that it:
- (a) Increases domestic prices of commodities
- (b) Restricts export access to EU markets
- (c) Decreases the quality of exports
- (d) Imposes environmental standards on India
- Answer: (b) Restricts export access to EU markets
- Which of the following statements regarding India’s emissions is correct?
- India has one of the lowest per capita emissions globally.
- India is one of the largest cumulative emitters due to its population size.
- Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) Only 1
- (b) Only 2
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
- Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Source:
- The Hindu Businessline
- Economic Times
3. Legal Development: Life Sentence in Uttar Pradesh Officer Murder Case
Headline: CBI Court Sentences 10 to Life Imprisonment for 2013 Murder of Uttar Pradesh Officer
Context: A CBI court has sentenced ten individuals to life imprisonment in the 2013 murder case of police officer Zia-ul-Haque. The verdict emphasizes the legal consequences for crimes against law enforcement personnel.
Why in News?
On October 9, 2024, a CBI court in Uttar Pradesh sentenced ten people to life imprisonment in connection with the 2013 murder of police officer Zia-ul-Haque.
Analysis:
- Accountability for Crimes Against Law Enforcement: The verdict underscores the judiciary’s commitment to ensuring justice for law enforcement personnel.
- Role of the CBI in High-Profile Cases: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) handled the case, reflecting its mandate in handling cases of significant public interest.
- Deterrent Effect: Such sentences serve as a deterrent against targeting public officials and highlight the role of the judiciary in upholding law and order.
- Significance of Timely Justice: While the case took over a decade, the ruling demonstrates the judicial process’s importance in delivering justice.
Background:
- 2013 Incident: Zia-ul-Haque, a police officer, was murdered under circumstances that prompted allegations of political involvement.
- CBI’s Role: The CBI, India’s premier investigative agency, took charge of the case due to its sensitive nature and public interest.
- Long Legal Battle: High-profile cases like this highlight the complexity of the judicial process and the resilience required for justice.
Details of the Verdict:
- The CBI court’s sentencing brings closure to the case and reinforces the principle of accountability for violence against law enforcement.
- The verdict is intended as a measure to protect public servants from politically motivated violence.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Year of Incident | 2013 |
| Convicted Individuals | 10 |
| Investigating Agency | Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) |
| Sentence Issued | Life Imprisonment |
| Role of CBI | Handles high-profile and sensitive cases |
4 Related Questions:
- The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in India typically handles cases involving:
- (a) Routine criminal cases
- (b) High-profile or sensitive cases
- (c) Only financial crimes
- (d) Local criminal cases without state involvement
- Answer: (b) High-profile or sensitive cases
- Life imprisonment in India generally means:
- (a) Imprisonment for 10 years
- (b) Imprisonment for 20 years
- (c) Imprisonment for the remainder of the convict’s natural life
- (d) Imprisonment until the age of 65
- Answer: (c) Imprisonment for the remainder of the convict’s natural life
- The 2013 murder case of Zia-ul-Haque was investigated by which agency?
- (a) National Investigation Agency (NIA)
- (b) Crime Branch
- (c) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
- (d) State Police Department
- Answer: (c) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
- Which of the following best describes the role of the CBI in India?
- (a) To investigate all criminal cases in the country
- (b) To handle routine cases only
- (c) To investigate cases of national interest and complex issues
- (d) To manage cases related to only financial fraud
- Answer: (c) To investigate cases of national interest and complex issues
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
4. Urbanization and Infrastructure Challenges in Indian Cities
Headline: Report Highlights Infrastructure Deficit in Indian Cities Amid Rapid Urbanization
Context: As India’s urban population is projected to double by 2050, a new report underscores the critical infrastructure challenges faced by Indian cities. The rapid pace of urbanization presents significant implications for resources, housing, and basic services.
Why in News?
On October 9, 2024, a report released by a leading think tank highlighted the need for accelerated infrastructure development in Indian cities to address the demands of a rapidly growing urban population.
Analysis:
- Urban Population Growth: With India’s urban population expected to double by 2050, there’s an urgent need for enhanced planning and investment in infrastructure.
- Infrastructure Gaps: Key challenges include inadequate housing, strained public services, and transportation networks.
- Resource Management: Rapid urbanization has implications for resource allocation, particularly in water, energy, and waste management.
- Policy Implications: The findings underscore the need for smart city initiatives, efficient public transportation, and sustainable urban planning.
Background:
- Current Urbanization Trends: India’s urban centers have witnessed rapid growth due to migration and population expansion.
- Smart City Mission: The government launched the Smart Cities Mission to promote sustainable and citizen-friendly urban infrastructure.
- Challenges in Indian Cities: Urban areas face challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, pollution, and limited access to quality public services.
Details of the Report:
- The report calls for targeted infrastructure investments in sectors such as transportation, housing, water supply, and waste management.
- Suggested strategies include public-private partnerships (PPP) to fund large-scale projects, especially in mega-cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| India’s Urban Population Projection | Expected to double by 2050 |
| Key Urban Challenges | Infrastructure, housing, transportation |
| Government Initiative | Smart Cities Mission |
| Target Areas for Investment | Public transportation, housing, water, waste management |
| Suggested Solution | Public-private partnerships for infrastructure |
4 Related Questions:
- The Smart Cities Mission in India primarily aims to:
- (a) Develop rural areas
- (b) Promote sustainable and efficient urban infrastructure
- (c) Focus on industrial zones only
- (d) Limit population growth in urban areas
- Answer: (b) Promote sustainable and efficient urban infrastructure
- India’s urban population is projected to double by which year?
- (a) 2030
- (b) 2040
- (c) 2050
- (d) 2060
- Answer: (c) 2050
- Which of the following sectors is NOT a key focus area for urban infrastructure development?
- (a) Transportation
- (b) Water management
- (c) Housing
- (d) Tourism
- Answer: (d) Tourism
- Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in urban infrastructure are aimed at:
- (a) Limiting foreign investments in urban projects
- (b) Creating collaboration between the public sector and private sector for funding projects
- (c) Increasing government control over city resources
- (d) Reducing urban migration
- Answer: (b) Creating collaboration between the public sector and private sector for funding projects
Source:
- The Hindu
- Economic Times
5. India’s Critique of Unilateral Carbon Tax Measures
Headline: India Criticizes EU’s Carbon Border Tax as Hurdle to Sustainable Development
Context: India has raised concerns over the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), arguing it hinders sustainable growth by imposing unilateral carbon taxes on imports, impacting developing nations’ exports.
Why in News?
On October 9, 2024, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman addressed the challenges CBAM poses for India’s green development goals, stating it could disproportionately impact exports from developing countries.
Analysis:
- Impact on Exports: CBAM affects energy-intensive sectors like steel, cement, and aluminum, raising their import costs in the EU.
- Policy Repercussions: India advocates for collaborative climate action rather than unilateral tariffs that may inhibit economic growth in developing nations.
- Environmental and Trade Balance: Unilateral measures such as CBAM are seen as impeding the principles of fair trade and equitable climate policies.
- Need for a Global Framework: India calls for internationally accepted standards to balance economic growth with climate action, rather than country-specific tariffs.
Background:
- CBAM Introduction: Initiated by the EU, CBAM applies a carbon price to imports to prevent carbon leakage, a practice where industries shift to countries with lenient environmental laws.
- India’s Emission Profile: India, with low per capita emissions, is committed to achieving sustainable development while balancing industrial growth.
- Trade Tensions: Measures like CBAM add tension in global trade as developing countries face additional tariffs on exports to meet EU’s stringent emission standards.
Details of India’s Position:
- India seeks to address climate change through cooperation, supporting the need for a shared responsibility rather than tariff barriers that affect economic growth.
- Sitharaman underscored India’s commitment to reducing emissions while urging for multilateral solutions.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Form of CBAM | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism |
| Affected Sectors in India | Steel, cement, aluminum |
| Introduced by | European Union |
| India’s Stance | Advocates multilateral solutions |
| CBAM’s Purpose | To prevent carbon leakage and support EU climate targets |
4 Related Questions:
- The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) was introduced by:
- (a) India
- (b) United States
- (c) European Union
- (d) United Nations
- Answer: (c) European Union
- Which sectors in India are most affected by the CBAM?
- (a) Pharmaceuticals and textiles
- (b) Steel, cement, and aluminum
- (c) IT and services
- (d) Agriculture and forestry
- Answer: (b) Steel, cement, and aluminum
- India’s critique of CBAM emphasizes the need for:
- (a) Higher tariffs on EU exports
- (b) Collaborative global climate policies
- (c) Reducing emissions immediately
- (d) Trade restrictions
- Answer: (b) Collaborative global climate policies
- CBAM’s main objective is to:
- (a) Encourage carbon leakage
- (b) Impose tariffs on imports
- (c) Support EU’s climate goals by preventing carbon leakage
- (d) Restrict global trade
- Answer: (c) Support EU’s climate goals by preventing carbon leakage
Source:
- The Hindu
- Indian Express
6. World Post Day 2024
Headline: Celebrating World Post Day 2024: Strengthening Communication and Connectivity
Context: Observed annually on October 9, World Post Day commemorates the establishment of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and emphasizes the importance of postal services in connecting communities and supporting economic development.
Why in News?
World Post Day 2024 highlights postal services’ evolving role in promoting e-commerce, digital communication, and logistics, especially with technological advancements and changing communication needs.
Analysis:
- Economic Impact: Postal services play a crucial role in facilitating e-commerce, particularly in rural and remote areas.
- Innovation in Postal Services: Technological advancements have enabled postal systems to offer digital services and enhance efficiency.
- Global Connectivity: The postal network is one of the largest logistical networks, linking communities worldwide.
- Sustainability: Modern postal services are focusing on sustainable practices, including green delivery options.
Background:
- Universal Postal Union (UPU): Founded in 1874, the UPU was created to streamline international postal services, making global communication more accessible.
- Postal Services in India: India Post, established in 1854, is one of the world’s largest postal networks, adapting to digital and logistical demands in recent years.
- Changing Role of Postal Services: With the rise of digital communication, postal services now play a critical role in logistics and e-commerce support.
Details of World Post Day 2024 Observance:
- Celebrations emphasized digital transformation, logistics support, and initiatives for sustainable postal practices.
- Events worldwide focused on connecting communities, advancing digital postal services, and encouraging sustainable practices.
Key Facts Relevant for UPSC Prelims Exam:
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Date Observed | October 9 |
| Established by | Universal Postal Union |
| UPU Founding Year | 1874 |
| Largest Postal Network | India Post |
| Key Focus of 2024 | Digital transformation and sustainable practices |
4 Related Questions:
- World Post Day is observed on which date?
- (a) October 5
- (b) October 9
- (c) October 12
- (d) October 15
- Answer: (b) October 9
- The Universal Postal Union was established in which year?
- (a) 1854
- (b) 1864
- (c) 1874
- (d) 1884
- Answer: (c) 1874
- Which country has the largest postal network?
- (a) United States
- (b) China
- (c) Russia
- (d) India
- Answer: (d) India
- What is the primary focus of World Post Day 2024?
- (a) Increasing the number of post offices
- (b) Encouraging letter writing
- (c) Digital transformation and sustainable practices
- (d) Reducing mail services
- Answer: (c) Digital transformation and sustainable practices
Source:
- The Hindu
- Economic Times
